Introduction

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This study evaluates the bioelectrical effects of water exposed to a TLS Supercharged Water Bottle using Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS). EIS is a well- established scientific method used to assess electrical properties such as impedance and conductivity at the cellular and molecular levels and has been widely used to evaluate biological systems and water structure (Yang et al., 2011; Hossain, 2021). The objective of this study was to determine whether water exposed to a TLS Supercharged Water Bottle undergoes measurable changes in its electrical properties and whether consumption of that water produces measurable changes in human cellular bioelectrical activity. By evaluating both treated water and living human buccal (inner cheek) cells following consumption, this study provides quantitative evidence regarding the bioelectrical effects associated with the TLS Supercharged Water Bottle.

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Scientific Basis

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Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) measures how electrical energy moves through, interacts with, and is stored within biological systems. These measurements provide information about the electrical properties of cell membranes, biological tissues, and water (Hossain, 2021; Naranjo-Hernández et al., 2019). Impedance consists of both real and imaginary components. The real component reflects resistance to electrical current flow and energy dissipation, while the imaginary component reflects the storage and accumulation of electrical charge and is influenced by dielectric and capacitive properties (Naranjo-Hernández et al., 2019; Hossain, 2021). In biological systems, impedance measurements have been associated with cellular integrity, fluid balance, tissue health, and cellular function (Yamada et al., 2022; Catapano et al., 2023; Kim et al., 2025). In water, impedance measurements provide information regarding the electrical environment surrounding water molecules and dissolved ions and can be used to characterize changes in water structure and electrical behavior (Yang et al., 2011; Hossain, 2021). Because biological systems depend upon electrical activity to regulate cellular function, measurable changes in impedance may indicate alterations in the body's bioelectrical environment (Hossain, 2021; Naranjo-Hernández et al., 2019).

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What This Study Demonstrates

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This study was designed to evaluate two related questions: (1) Does the TLS Supercharged Water Bottle measurably alter the electrical properties of water? (2) Does drinking that treated water produce measurable changes in cellular bioelectrical activity? The results demonstrate measurable changes in the electrical properties of water following exposure to the TLS Supercharged Water Bottle. 

 

More importantly, consumption of the treated water produced substantial increases in cellular bioelectrical activity, with the largest response occurring after drinking water treated for twenty hours. The study demonstrated a maximum increase of 77% in cellular impedance, representing the strongest biological response observed during the experiment.

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Methods

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The bioelectrical effects of the TLS Supercharged Water Bottle were evaluated using Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS). Electrical measurements were performed on both distilled water and living human buccal cells. Water samples were placed inside either a TLS Supercharged Water Bottle or an identical non-supercharged bottle for varying treatment durations.

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To evaluate biological effects, a subject consumed approximately 750 mL of treated water following exposure inside the bottle. Buccal cell samples were collected forty-five minutes after consumption and analyzed using EIS. Control measurements were obtained using water stored in a non-supercharged bottle under identical environmental conditions. Each sample was measured in triplicate and the average value was used for analysis.

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Results and Discussion

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The electrical properties of distilled water were evaluated following twenty hours of exposure inside a TLS Supercharged Water Bottle. As seen in Figure 1, the results demonstrated a 35% decrease in real impedance, corresponding to a substantial increase in conductivity. Imaginary impedance measurements produced an even larger response, approximately 2.6 times greater than the real impedance effect. These findings indicate that exposure to the TLS Supercharged Water Bottle produced measurable changes in the electrical properties of the water itself as measured using Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (Hossain, 2021; Naranjo-Hernández et al., 2019).

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Water exposed to an identical non-supercharged bottle demonstrated only modest changes in electrical properties. As seen in Figure 2, measured responses remained near 10% and differed substantially from those observed in the TLS Supercharged Water Bottle condition. In contrast to the supercharged condition, the imaginary and real impedance responses remained closely aligned. Water treated in a non-supercharged bottle produced only modest electrical changes of approximately 10%, whereas water treated in the TLS Supercharged Water Bottle produced substantially larger responses and corresponding increases in cellular bioelectrical activity.

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The results shown in Figure 3 indicate that longer water treatment durations produced progressively larger bioelectrical responses, with the strongest effect observed after approximately twenty hours of exposure inside the TLS Supercharged Water Bottle. Based on these findings, the recommended usage protocol is to fill the bottle with water and allow it to remain inside the bottle overnight before consumption the following day.This approach corresponds to the treatment duration associated with the largest measured cellular response in the study, which produced a 77% increase in cellular impedance.

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For individuals seeking the strongest measurable bioelectrical effects observed under the conditions of this study, allowing the water to remain in the bottle for approximately twenty hours prior to consumption is recommended. Individual responses may vary. Some users may prefer shorter treatment durations, particularly if they are sensitive to

trace minerals or notice changes in taste or comfort when consuming water treated for extended periods. For these individuals, beginning with shorter treatment times and gradually increasing the duration may provide a more comfortable experience while still allowing them to evaluate the effects of the water bottle for themselves.​

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Conclusion

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The results of this study demonstrate that exposure of water to a TLS Supercharged Water Bottle produces measurable changes in the electrical properties of the water and corresponding changes in human cellular bioelectrical activity following consumption. Water treated inside the TLS Supercharged Water Bottle exhibited substantial changes in

both real and imaginary impedance measurements, indicating measurable alterations in its electrical characteristics as measured using Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (Hossain, 2021; Naranjo-Hernández et al., 2019). Consumption of the treated water produced progressively larger biological responses as treatment duration increased. The strongest effect occurred after drinking water treated for twenty hours, producing a 77% increase in cellular impedance. This represented the largest bioelectrical response observed during the study. Taken together, these findings provide quantitative evidence that water exposed to the TLS Supercharged Water Bottle produces measurable changes in both water and living cells. The results further indicate that longer treatment durations produce stronger bioelectrical responses, with peak cellular bioelectrical effects observed after approximately twenty hours of water treatment.

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